Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the esophagus?

Esophagitis is a condition defined by inflammation of the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This inflammation can be due to various causes such as infections, irritants like alcohol or certain medications, or conditions that lead to acid reflux, among others.

Recognizing esophagitis as the answer is rooted in the understanding that it specifically targets the esophagus, whereas other conditions listed affect different parts of the gastrointestinal system. For instance, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can lead to esophagitis as a complication, but GERD itself is more about the chronic reflux of stomach acids into the esophagus. Peptic ulcer disease is related to ulcers in the stomach or the first part of the small intestine and does not inherently describe inflammation of the esophagus. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine in response to gluten and does not cause esophageal inflammation. Thus, esophagitis is the most accurate term for the inflammation of the esophagus.