What is the most common type of liver cancer?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as the most prevalent form of liver cancer. This type originates from hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver, and is closely associated with underlying liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B and C infections, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease.

HCC often develops in patients with these conditions, where liver damage can lead to genetic mutations and uncontrolled cell proliferation. The diagnosis of HCC is usually performed through imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs, often combined with blood tests to detect elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can indicate liver cancer.

In contrast, cholangiocarcinoma arises from the bile duct cells and, while it is a significant liver cancer, it is less common than HCC. Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma are benign liver lesions, not considered cancerous, though they can sometimes mimic the appearance of liver tumors on imaging and have different management considerations.

Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why hepatocellular carcinoma is classified as the most common type of liver cancer.