What is the main treatment for ulcerative colitis?

The main treatment for ulcerative colitis is based on controlling inflammation and achieving remission. 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds, such as mesalamine, have been established as the first-line therapy due to their anti-inflammatory properties that directly target the colon. These compounds work by being absorbed in the intestinal mucosa, effectively reducing inflammation, controlling symptoms, and preventing flare-ups in patients.

Corticosteroids may be used for moderate to severe cases to quickly control inflammation, but they are not a primary treatment due to the potential for significant side effects with long-term use. While antibiotics can be helpful in managing secondary infections or complications, they do not address the underlying inflammatory issues of ulcerative colitis. Immunosuppressants may be utilized in certain cases, particularly when patients do not respond to 5-ASA or corticosteroids, but they are typically not the first line of treatment and are reserved for more complex scenarios. Therefore, 5-ASA compounds are considered the cornerstone of therapy in managing ulcerative colitis effectively.