What is the main cause of acute pancreatitis?

The main cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstones. Gallstones can obstruct the pancreatic duct, leading to a buildup of digestive enzymes within the pancreas itself. When these enzymes become activated while still in the pancreas, they begin to digest the pancreatic tissue, resulting in inflammation and damage known as pancreatitis. This condition can manifest suddenly and is often accompanied by severe abdominal pain.

While other factors, such as alcohol consumption, can also cause acute pancreatitis, gallstones are considered the leading cause, particularly in cases of non-alcoholic pancreatitis. Understanding the mechanism of how gallstones lead to this condition is essential for recognizing the symptoms and potential treatments for patients suffering from acute pancreatitis.